Marian Ţiplic, De la „rex Gyla maior“ la „Stefanus dux Ultrasilvaniae“ (?953-1270)
From „rex Gyla maior” to „Stefanus dux Ultrasilvaniae” (?953-1270)
Why did Transylvania have a parallel evolution compared to Pannonia until the mid-11th century?
The latest scientific works of Romanian historiography answer this question taking into account the possibility that the North-West intra-Carpathian Transylvanian area could have been conquered as a consequence of a dissident direction manifested within the Hungarian / Hunogur confederation. This made Tuhutum to take possession of a territory which was not as well organized as those of Menumorut or Glad. Analysing the fragment of the Chronicle mentioning Arpad’s election as ruler, T. Sălăgean considers that Tuhutum’s departure occurred immediately after this moment, practically on the first opportunity he was offered to earn freedom. The conclusion to be drawn suggests that “the Ultrasylvanian land” was conquered on his own and for himself by a Hungarian tribal leader in conflict with Arpad.
The integration and organization of the Transylvanian territory as an entity of the Arpadian kingdom determined two operations:
– The imposing of the comitatens system, which made it easier to control the territory and the collection of vassal obligations ;
– The implementation of a church organisation system, with a double role: economical and political.
Keywords: Transylvania, Middle Ages, Gylas, Stefanus, dux, rex
- Brezeanu, Stelian , Identităţi şi solidarităţi medievale. Controverse istorice / Medieval Identities and Solidarities. Historical Controversies), Bucharest, 2002.
- Curta, Florin ed., East Central of Eastern Europe in The Early Middle Ages, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2005.
- Dragota, Aurel, Aspecte de multiculturalitate spirituală. Rit şi ritual funerar în Transilvania şi Europa Centrală şi de Sud-Est (sec. IX-XI) / Aspects of Spiritual Multiculturalism. Funeral Rite and Ritual in Transylvania in Central and South-Eastern Europe, Alba Iulia, 2006.
- Madgearu, Alexandru, The Romanians in the Anonymous Gesta Hungarorum. Truth and Fiction, Cluj-Napoca, 2005.
- Păcurariu, Mircea, Istoria Bisericii româneşti din Transilvania, Banat, Crişana şi Maramureş până în 1918 / The History of The Romanian Church from Transylvania, Banat, Crişana and Maramureş until 1918), Cluj-Napoca, 1992.
- Pascu, Ştefan, Voievodatul Transilvaniei / Transylvania’s Voivodship), I, Cluj, 1972.
- Pop, Ioan Aurel, Românii şi maghiarii în secolele IX-XIV. Geneza statului medieval în Transilvania / Romanians and Magyars During the 9th – 14th Centuries. The Genesis of the Medieval State in Transylvania), second edition, Cluj-Napoca, 2003.
- Rusu, A.A., Castelarea carpatică. Fortificaţii şi cetăţi din Transilvania şi teritoriile învecinate (sec. XIII-XIV) / The Carpathian Encastlement. Fortifications and fortress from transzlvania and surroundings territories (13th-14th C.), Editura Mega, Cluj-Napoca, 2005.
