Enhancing Resilience Against War-Related Disinformation: Insights from Diagnostic Studies and Interventions at Polish Schools
Katarzyna MOLEK-KOZAKOWSKA
Descriere autor:
Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, University of Opole
E-mail:
E-mail personal autor:
molekk@uni.opole.pl
9
Rubrica:
Științele limbii
Abstract: This paper reports on design and results of implementation of a series of diagnostic studies and interventions devoted to building up resilience against disinformation regarding the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, with a special focus on Polish teenagers. The initiative, called DisInfoResist, was conducted in the spring of 2024, and was motivated by the need to engage in co-creation with partner schools in order to propose a series of tailored actions given the ongoing hybrid war. However, adequate resilience-enhancing interventions can only be based on a thorough diagnosis of needs and competence gaps. Such diagnosis was undertaken in DisInfoResist with localized data collected through thematic analysis of 20 oral histories, 2 focus group sessions and 87 narrative auto-ethnographies. The subsequent piloted interventions addressed to a group of Polish secondary school students represented a way to boost their resilience against war-related disinformation by allowing them to practice their critical media literacy competences via a variety of specifically tailored activities related to critical language awareness, responding to fake news, overcoming disengagement, recognizing sensationalist media practices and algorithmic patterns.
Keywords: Russian-Ukrainian war, disinformation, DisInfoResist. diagnostic studies, critical language awareness.
Bennett, W. L., and S. Livingston, eds. The Disinformation Age. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020.
De Andrade Gama, I., and W. Mozgin. “Media Literacy and Its Role in Countering Hybrid Warfare (The Case of Ukraine).” Future Human Image 15 (2021): 4–13. https://doi.org/10.29202/fhi/15/1.
Di Domenico, G., J. Sit, A. Ishizaka et al. “Fake News, Social Media and Marketing: A Systematic Review.” Journal of Business Research 124 (2021): 329–341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.11.037.
Feldstein, M. “Kissing Cousins: Journalism and Oral History.” Oral History Review 31, no. 1 (2004): 1–22.
Fletcher, D., and M. Sarkar. “Mental Fortitude Training: An Evidence-Based Approach to Developing Psychological Resilience for Sustained Success.” Journal of Sport Psychology In Action 7, no. 3 (2016): 135–157.
Guess, A. “A Digital Media Literacy Intervention Increases Discernment Between Mainstream and False News in the United States and India.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 27 (2020): 15536–15545.
Hernon, P. “Disinformation and Misinformation Through the Internet: Findings of an Exploratory Study.” Government Information Quarterly 12, no. 2 (1995): 133–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/0740-624X(95)90052-7.
IJntema, R. C., W. B. Schaufeli, and Y. D. Burger. “Resilience Mechanisms at Work: The Psychological Immunity-Psychological Elasticity (PI-PE) Model of Psychological Resilience.” Current Psychology 42 (2023): 4719–4731. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-01813-5.
Ilis, E. “Researching Fake News: Understanding the Challenge.” Presentation Given At The Fake News Workshop At The University Of Opole, Opole, PL, April 8, 2024. https://grants.ulbsibiu.ro/corecon/conferences-workshops/.
Kot, S., A. Mozolevska, O. Polishchuk et al. “The Discursive Power of Digital Popular Art During the Russo-Ukrainian War: Re/Shaping Visual Narratives.” Arts 13, no. 1 (2024): 38. https://doi.org/10.3390/arts13010038.
Kubin, E., and C. Von Sikorski. “The Role of (Social) Media in Political Polarization: A Systematic Review.” Annals of International Communication Association 45, no. 3 (2021): 188–206.
Leavy, P. Oral History: Understanding Qualitative Research. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.
Maclean, K., M. Cuthill, and H. Ross. “Six Attributes of Social Resilience.” Journal Of Environmental Planning And Management 57, no. 1 (2014): 144–156.
Malecki, W. P., H. Bilandzic, and P. Sorokowski. “Media Experiences During the Ukraine War and Their Relationships with Distress, Anxiety and Resilience.” Journal of Psychiatric Research 165 (2023): 273–281.
Molek-Kozakowska, K. “Towards A Pragma-Linguistic Framework for the Study of Sensationalism in News Headlines.” Discourse & Communication 7, no. 2 (2013): 173–197. https://doi.org/10.1177/1750481312471668.
Mousoulidou, M., L. Taxitari, and A. Christodoulou. “Social Media News Headlines and Their Influence on Well-Being: Emotional States, Emotion Regulation, and Resilience.” European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education 14, no. 6 (2024): 1647–1665.
Neimeyer, R. A. “Re-Storying Loss: Fostering Growth in The Post-Traumatic Narrative.” In Handbook of Posttraumatic Growth: Research and Practice, edited by L. G. Calhoun and R. G. Tedeschi. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2006.
Pavlova, O., I. Kuchynska, V. Gorbalinski et al. “The War Between Ukraine and Russia as a Historical and Civilizational Aspect.” Trames 27, no. 4 (2023): 327–349. https://doi.org/10.3176/tr.2023.4.01.
Pennycook, G., and D. G. Rand. “The Psychology of Fake News.” Trends in Cognitive Sciences 25, no. 5 (2021): 388–402.
Rutter, M. “Resilience as a Dynamic Concept.” Development and Psychopathology 24, no. 2 (2012): 335–344.
Schäfer, S. “Incidental News Exposure in a Digital Media Environment: A Scoping Review of Recent Research.” Annals of the International Communication Association 47, no. 2 (2023): 242–260.
Stokes, J. How to Do Media and Cultural Studies. Los Angeles: Sage Publications, 2012.
Simin Maria Terian. “What Is Fake News: A New Definition.” Transilvania, no. 11–12 (2021): 112–120.
Tymoshchuk, N. M. “Euphemisms in Modern Political Discourse: Joseph Biden’s Speeches in the War in Ukraine.” Alfred Nobel University Journal Of Philology 26, no. 2 (2023): 210–224. https://doi.org/10.32342/2523-4463-2023-2-26/2-13.
Van Dijk, T. “Discourse and Manipulation.” Discourse And Society 17, no. 3 (2006): 359–383.
Vox Ukraine. “Propaganda Diary.” Accessed from February 2022 to June 2024. https://russiandisinfo.voxukraine.org/en.
Wilson, T. D. Redirect: The Surprising New Science of Psychological Change. New York: Back Bay Books, 2011.
Zhang, X., and A. A. Ghorbani. “An Overview of Online Fake News: Characterization, Detection, and Discussion.” Information Processing and Management 57, no. 2 (2020): 102025.

