Cele trei vârste ale utopiei la Huxley
Rezumat
The Three Ages of Utopia in Huxley’s work
The subject of the present article is the distinction between the three ages of utopia in Aldous Huxley’s work. The first age illustrates the inhuman paradise, as represented in the dystopian novel „Brave New World”(1931). The second age, the nightmare of the present world, is pictured in the essay” Brave New World Revisited” (1958)- an addenda to the novel, a lucid reconsideration of the fictional world, where Huxley reveals himself as a social prophet. The third age is one of prospective explorations: the novel „Island” is an evidence of the consubstantiality between utopia and dystopia in the tormented twentieth century. From the naive utopia to the austere dystopia, the genre suffered considerable mutations. This shows, once again, that literature is not a remote island secluded from social and political influence.
Keywords: Aldous Huxley, utopia, three Ages, inhuman paradise, nightmare, “Brave New World”
Bibliografie
Antohi, Sorin, „Utopica. Studii asupra imaginarului social”/ „Utopia. Studies of the Social Imaginary”, Bucureşti, Editura Ştiinţifică, 1991
Aramă, Horia, „O insulă în spaţiu”/ „An Island in Space”, Bucureşti, Cartea Românească, 1991
Arendt, Hannah, „Făgăduinţa politicii”/ „The Promise of Politics”, Bucureşti, Editura Humanitas, 2010
Besançon, Alain, „Anatomia unei stafii. Falimentul unei utopii întrupate”/ „The Anatomy of a Spectre. The Bankrupcy of a Materialized Utopia”, Bucureşti, Editura Humanitas, 2014
Boia, Lucian, „Pentru o istorie a imaginarului”/ „For a History of the Imaginary”, Bucureşti, Editura Humanitas, 2000
Borbély, Ştefan, „Civilizaţii de sticlă. Utopie, distopie, urbanism”/ „Glass Civilizations. Utopia, dystopia and Urbanism”, Cluj-Napoca, Limes, 2013
Cioran, E.M., „Istorie şi utopie”/ „History and Utopia”, Bucureşti, Humanitas, 2011
Creţu, Bogdan, „Utopia negativă în literatura română”/ „The Negative Utopia in the Romanian Literature”, Bucureşti, Cartea Românească, 2008
Fromm, Erich, „Frica de libertate”/ „ Fear of Freedom”, Bucureşti, Editura Teora, 1998
Huxley, Aldous, „Minunata lume nouă. Reîntoarcere la minunata lume nouă”/ „Brave New World. Brave New World Revisited”, Iaşi, Polirom, 2003
Idem, „Insula”/ „Island”, Iaşi, Polirom, 2011
Liiceanu, Gabriel, „Utopia intelectului şi utopia filozofiei”/ „The Utopia of the Intelect and the Utopia of Philosophy”, în „Cearta cu filozofia”/ „The Quarrel with Philosophy”, Bucureşti, Humanitas, 1998
Opriţă, Mircea, „H.G.Wells. Utopia modernă”/ „ H.G.Wells. The Modern Utopia”, Bucureşti, Editura Albatros, 1983
Ortega y Gasset, José, „Omul şi mulţimea”/ „Man and People”, Bucureşti, Editura Humanitas, 2001
Orwell, George, „O mie nouă sute optzeci şi patru”/ „1984”, Iaşi, Polirom, 2002
Pădureleanu, Mircea „Aldous Huxley”, Bucureşti, Ed. Ştiinţifică şi Pedagogică, 1978
Marcuse, Ludwig, „Die Utopie und das Individuum. Zwei Aufsätze”/ „The Utopia and the Man. Two Essays“, Diogenes Verlag, AG Zürich, 1977
Schölderle, Thomas, „Geschichte der Utopie“/ „The History of Utopia“, Köln, Weimar, Wien, Böhlau Verlag, 2012
Servier, Jean, „Istoria utopiei”/ „The History of Utopia”, Bucureşti, Editura Meridiane, 2000
Tismăneanu, Vladimir, „Mizeria utopiei. Criza ideologiei marxiste în Europa răsăriteană”/ „The Crisis of Marxist Ideology in Eastern Europe: The Poverty of Utopia”, Iaşi, Editura Polirom, 1997
Wunenburger, Jean-Jacques, „Viaţa imaginilor”/ „The Life of the Images”, Cluj-Napoca, Editura Cartimpex, 1998
Idem, „Imaginariile politicului”/ „The Imaginaries of the Politics”, Bucureşti, Editura Paideia, 2005.
