Posteritatea lui Dimitrie Cantemir: deturnări ideologice ale unei opere fără frontiere naționale
Bogdan CREȚU
Descriere autor:
The Romanian Academy. “G. Călinescu” Institute of Literary History and Theory; Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iași
E-mail:
E-mail personal autor:
[email protected]
11-12
Rubrica:
Studii literare
Abstract: Always considered an exceptional case, D. Cantemir was often used as an “agent of influence” who, through the prestige of his work, could legitimize different ideological agendas or political programs. Almost never did Dmitri Cantemir receive a passive reception, a critical distance. This study examines how his works were used for various ideological interests. The Chronicle on the antiquity of the Romano-Moldo-Vlachs fuelled the political agenda of intellectuals in Transylvania because of Cantemir’s thesis that the Romanians were descendants of the Romans, not of the Dacians; Descriptio Moldaviae was used, according to interest, to legitimise unionist ideas in Moldova, but also separatist ones. In 1935, the repatriation of his remains was a pretext for resuming diplomatic relations with the USSR, but also a nationalist spectacle. In the 1980s, when the official policy of the communist regime was nationalism, Cantemir became a hero of protochronism, an ideological trend that supported the pioneering of Romanians in almost all fields of knowledge. Cantemir was a pre-Enlightenment scholar, a century and a half before Romanticism. His thought is alien to the Herderian nationalism from which he has often been analysed. Finally, the study proposes a transnational approach to the personality of D. Cantemir.
Keywords: nationalism, Enlightenment, romanticism, protochronism, cultural memory, transnationalism
Acknowledgement: This paper is written as a part of the project INTELLIV PN-III-P4-PCE-2021-030 Intelligent Digital Solutions for the Research and Dissemination of the Old and Premodern Romanian Literature; Institute of Literary History and Theory “G. Călinescu” of the Romanian Academy and UEFISCDI.
Bibliography
Anghelescu, Mircea. Literatura română și Orientul [Romanian Literature and the Eastern Word]. Bucharest: Minerva, 1975.
Armbruster, Adolf. Romanitatea românilor. Istoria unei idei [Romanity of Romanians: The History of an Idea]. Bucharest: Editura enciclopedică, 2012.
Cantemir, D. Opere complete, I. Divanul [Works]. Bucharest: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, 1974.
Cantemir, D. Opere, vol. I. Divanul, Istoria ieroglifică, Hronicul vechimei a romano-moldo-vlahilor [Works]. București: Editura Academiei Române, Univers Enciclopedic, 2003.
Cantemir, Dimitrie. Istoria măririi și decăderii Curții Othmane [History of the Rise and Fall of the Othmane Court]. Edited by Octavian Gordon, Florentina Nicoale, and Monica Vasileanu, transl. by Ioana Costa, foreword by Eugen Simion, afterword by Ștefan Lemny. Bucharest: Academia Română, Fundația Națională pentru Știință și Artă, 2015.
Casanova, Pascale. Republica mondială a literelor [The World Republic of Letters]. Translated by Cristina Bîzu. Bucharest: Art, 2016.
Virgil Cândea, “Les intelelctuels du Sud-est européen au XVIIe siècle” [Intelelctuals in South-East Europe in the 17th century]. Revue des études sud-est européennes, no. 2, (1970).
Chiriac, Alexandra. “Scrisoarea Moldovei. Prima traducere în limba română a lucrării lui Dimitrie Cantemir Descriptio Moldaviae” [Letter from Moldova. The first Romanian translation of Dimitrie Cantemir’s work Descriptio Moldaviae]. In Integrarea istoriei lumii în cultura românească. Traduceri de texte istorice din limba germană la sfârșitul secolului al XVIII-lea și începutul secolului al XIX-lea [Integrating World History into Romanian Culture. Translations of Historical Texts from German in the Late 18th and early 19th Centuries], edited by Alexandra Chiriac. Iași: Editura UAIC, 2022.
Cornis-Pope, Marcel, and John Neubauer, eds. History of the Literary Cultures of East-Central Europe: Junctures and Disjunctures in the 19th and 20th Centuries, vol. I. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins B.V./Association Internationale de Littérature Comparée, 2004.
Feodorov, Ioana. “The Arabic Version of Dimitrie Cantemirʼs Divan. A Supplement to the Editorʼs Note.” Revue des études sud-est européennes XLVI, no. 1–4 (2008).
Ghenghea, Mircea-Cristian. “Din istoria separatismului moldovenesc: Teodor Boldur-Lăţescu şi gazeta Moldova (1866-1869)” [From the History of Moldovan Separatism: Teodor Boldur-Lățescu and Gazeta Moldova (1866-1869)]. Anuarul Muzeului Național al Literaturii Române IașI VIII (2015).
Iftimi, Sorin. “Aducerea osemintelor lu Dimitrie Cantemir de la Moscova la Iași (1935)” [Bringing the Bones of Dimitrie Cantemir from Moscow to Iasi (1935)]. In Dinastia Cantemireștilor. Secolele XVII-XVIII [The Cantemirean Dynasty. 17th-18th centuries], edited by Andrei Eșanu. Chișinău: Știința, 2008.
Leezenberg, Michiel. “The Oriental Origins of Orientalism. The Case of Dimitrie Cantemir.” In The Making of Humkanities, volume II: From Early Modern to Modern Disciplines, edited by Raens Bod, Jaap Mat and Thijs Westeijn. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2012.
Lemny, Stefan. Cantemireștii. Aventura europeană a unei familii princiare din secolul al XVIII-lea [The Cantemirs. The European Adventure of an 18th Century Princely Family]. Translated by Magda Jeanrenaud. Iași: Polirom, 2010.
Mihalache, Andi. Contribuții la istoria ideii de patrimoniu. Surse, evoluții, interpretări [Contributions to the History of the Idea of Heritage. Sources, Developments, Interpretations]. Iași: Editura UAIC, 2014.
Papu, Edgar. Din clasicii noștri. Contribuții la ideea unui protocronism românesc [From our Classics. Contributions to the Idea of a Romanian Protochronism]. Bucharest: Eminescu, 1977.
Papu, Edgar. Barocul ca tip de existență [Baroque as a Type of Existence] vol. II. Bucharest: Minerva, 1977.
Popescu-Judetz, Eugenia. Prince Dimitrie Cantemir: Theorist and Composer of Turkish Music. Istanbul: Pan Yayıncılık, 1999.
Tomiță, Alexandra. O istorie „glorioasă”. Dosarul protocronismului românesc [A “Glorious” History. The Romanian Protochronism File]. Bucharest: Cartea românească, 2007.
Tudurachi, Adrian. Fabrica de geniu. Nașterea unei mitologii a productivității literare în cultura română (1825-1875) [Genius Factory. The Birth of a Mythology of Literary Productivity in Romanian Culture]. Iași: Institutul European, 2016.
Ursu, N.A. Contribuții la istoria culturii românești. Studii și note filologice [Contributions to the History of Romanian Culture. Philological Studies and Notes]. Iași: Cronica, 2002.